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Compendium Of Studies That Measure Learning Mindsets
Section 3: Purpose And Relevance
Table 1: Developmental Stage, Subject Area, and Representativeness of the Study Samples
Instructions: In the table below, each cell represents the number of studies with a particular demographic and measure type combination. Click the plus sign to the left to see the abridged citations for each study. Click the abridged citation to see more information about the sample size and demographics (or scroll down to see additional information about all the samples in Table 2).
STEM-specific beliefs about value
Middle GradesGrades 6-891
Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. (2010) – Study 3Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. (2010) – Study 2Peterson & Hyde (2017)Eccles & Wigfield (1995) – Sample 2Lauermann, Tsai, & Eccles (2017)Kosovich, Hulleman, Barron, & Getty (2015)Guo, Marsh, Parker, Morin, & Yeung (2015)Eccles & Wigfield (1995) – Sample 1Conley (2012)Chouinard, Karsenti, & Roy (2007)
High SchoolGrades 9-1292
Nagengast et al. (2011)Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. (2010) – Study 3Rozek, Hyde, Svoboda, Hulleman, & Harackiewicz (2014) – Sample 1Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. (2010) – Study 2Peterson & Hyde (2017)Eccles & Wigfield (1995) – Sample 2Lauermann, Tsai, & Eccles (2017)Harackiewicz, Rozek, Hulleman, & Hyde (2012)Eccles & Wigfield (1995) – Sample 1Chouinard, Karsenti, & Roy (2007)Anderson & Ward (2014)
Two- or Four-Year College16
Perez, Cromley, & Kaplan (2015)Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. (2018)Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. (2010) – Study 1Diekman, Clark, Johnston, Brown, & Steinberg (2011) – Study 3Diekman, Clark, Johnston, Brown, & Steinberg (2011) – Study 2Diekman, Clark, Johnston, Brown, & Steinberg (2011) – Study 1cDiekman, Clark, Johnston, Brown, & Steinberg (2011) – Study 1bCanning & Harackiewicz (2016) – Study 3Canning & Harackiewicz (2016) – Study 2Harackiewicz, Canning, Tibbetts, Priniski, & Hyde (2016)Brown, Thoman, Smith, & Diekman (2015) – Study 3Brown, Thoman, Smith, & Diekman (2015) – Study 2Diekman, Clark, Johnston, Brown, & Steinberg (2011) – Study 1aDiekman, Brown, Johnston, & Clark (2010)Canning & Harackiewicz (2016) – Study 1Brown, Thoman, Smith, & Diekman (2015) – Study 1
Table 2: Compendium Studies: Sample Size and Demographics
Instructions: Use the arrows next to the column headers to sort this table. Press the gray buttons below to view more columns in the table. For example, clicking the button labeled ‘Latinx’ will add a column to Table 2 that is populated with the percentage of Latinx students in each study. Click a citation in the “Article” column to see more details about the study, including selected items, response scales, and the DOI where available (or click here to see additional information about all studies in Table 3). Articles with more than one distinct sample occupy multiple rows.
† Indicates one or more authors is affiliated with Student Experience Research Network as a scholar or an early career fellow or mentor.
| Article | N | Developmental Stage | Geographic Area | Nationally Representative? | Subject Area | Asian | Black | Latinx | Native American | Hawaiian and/or Pacific Islander | White | Other | First Generation College-goer | Students with Disabilities | Emerging multilingual learners | Women and Girls | Mother’s Highest Level of Education | Family Economic Information | School or Institution Composition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rozek, Hyde, Svoboda, Hulleman, & Harackiewicz (2014) - Sample 2 | Caregivers | Wisconsin | STEM | ||||||||||||||||
| Yeager et al. (2014) | 1,364 | High School | The United States | General | 5% | 38% | 48% | 4% | 57% | ||||||||||
| Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. (2010) - Study 3 | 246 | High School and Middle Grades | The United States | STEM | 16% | 72% | 10% | 10% | 46% | ||||||||||
| Nagengast et al. (2011) | 398,750 | High School | International | Yes | STEM | 51% | |||||||||||||
| Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. (2010) - Study 2 | 284 | High School and Middle Grades | The United States | STEM | 15% | 1% | 82% | 4% | 50% | ||||||||||
| Rozek, Hyde, Svoboda, Hulleman, & Harackiewicz (2014) - Sample 1 | 188 | High School | Wisconsin | STEM | 2% | 1% | 90% | 7% Biracial or multiracial | 48% | ||||||||||
| Gray, Mcelveen, Green, & Bryant (2020) | 98 | Middle Grades | Southeast United States | General | 46% | 34% | 3% | 5% | 12%, predominantly biracial or multiracial | 46% | 90% + more received free or reduced-price lunch | ||||||||
| Peterson & Hyde (2017) | 288 | High School and Middle Grades | The United States | STEM | 1% | 90% | 9% Multiracial | 49% | |||||||||||
| Hulleman, Kosovich, Barron, & Daniel (2017) - Study 2 | 357 | Two- or Four-Year College | The United States | General | 4% | 6% | 84% | 70% | |||||||||||
| Hulleman, Godes, Hendricks, & Harackiewicz (2010) - Study 2 | 318 | Two- or Four-Year College | Wisconsin | General | |||||||||||||||
| Perez, Cromley, & Kaplan (2015) | 363 | Two- or Four-Year College | The United States | STEM | 24% | 11% | 1% | 45% | 10% Indian subcontinent 5% Multiracial 3% Middle Eastern 2% Other | 58% | 30% of parents < High school diploma | ||||||||
| Matthews, Banerjee, & Lauermann (2014) | 600 | High School and Middle Grades | New York | General | 38% | 58% | 1% Biracial <1% Other | 43% | 25% < High school 34% High school diploma 22% High school diploma plus some higher education 11% Associate's degree 6% Bachelor's Degree 2% Advanced degree | ||||||||||
| Matthews (2014) | 330 | High School and Middle Grades | New York | General | 43% | 56% | <1% Biracial | 22% < High school 35% High school diploma 28% High school diploma plus some higher education 8% Bachelor's degree 6% Advanced degree | |||||||||||
| Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. (2018) | 587 | Two- or Four-Year College | The United States | STEM | 46% | 15% | 8% | 24% | 7% Multiracial or other | 66% | |||||||||
| Eccles & Wigfield (1995) - Sample 2 | 575 | High School and Middle Grades | The United States | STEM | |||||||||||||||
| Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. (2010) - Study 1 | 858 | Two- or Four-Year College | The United States | STEM | 69% | ||||||||||||||
| Diekman, Clark, Johnston, Brown, & Steinberg (2011) - Study 3 | 241 | Two- or Four-Year College | The United States | STEM | 86% | 59% | |||||||||||||
| Diekman, Clark, Johnston, Brown, & Steinberg (2011) - Study 2 | 64 | Two- or Four-Year College | The United States | STEM | 89% | 58% | |||||||||||||
| Diekman, Clark, Johnston, Brown, & Steinberg (2011) - Study 1c | 555 | Two- or Four-Year College | The United States | STEM | 86% | 63% | |||||||||||||
| Lauermann, Tsai, & Eccles (2017) | 361 | Elementary School, High School and Middle Grades | The United States | STEM | 51% | 55% of the sample had at least one parent with a college degree or higher | |||||||||||||
| Diekman, Clark, Johnston, Brown, & Steinberg (2011) - Study 1b | 75 | Two- or Four-Year College | The United States | STEM | 84% | 45% | |||||||||||||
| Kosovich, Hulleman, Barron, & Getty (2015) | 401 | Middle Grades | Southeast United States | STEM | 4% | 9% | 31% | 51% | 5% | 51% | |||||||||
| Hulleman, Kosovich, Barron, & Daniel (2017) - Study 1 | 97 | Two- or Four-Year College | The United States | General | 4% | 4% | 84% | 70% | |||||||||||
| Canning & Harackiewicz (2016) - Study 3 | 134 | Two- or Four-Year College | Midwest United States | STEM | 3% | 1% | 2% | 94% | 69% | ||||||||||
| Canning & Harackiewicz (2016) - Study 2 | 113 | Two- or Four-Year College | Midwest United States | STEM | 2% | 3% | 1% | 94% | 71% | ||||||||||
| Hulleman, Godes, Hendricks, & Harackiewicz (2010) - Study 1 | 107 | Two- or Four-Year College | Wisconsin | General | 3% | 1% | 4% | 92% | 53% | ||||||||||
| Brown, Thoman, Smith, & Diekman (2015) - Study 3 | 452 | Two- or Four-Year College | Midwest United States | STEM | 20% | 11% | 9% | 56% | 63% | ||||||||||
| Harackiewicz, Canning, Tibbetts, Priniski, & Hyde (2016) | 1,040 | Two- or Four-Year College | Midwest United States | STEM | 8% Underrepresented Minority | 21% | 60% | ||||||||||||
| Brown, Thoman, Smith, & Diekman (2015) - Study 2 | 256 | Two- or Four-Year College | The United States | STEM | 64% | 53% | |||||||||||||
| Harackiewicz, Rozek, Hulleman, & Hyde (2012) | 188 | High School | The United States | STEM | 2% | 1% | 90% | 7% Multiracial | 47% | Avg household income = ≈$51,066 (above the US average) |
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| Guo, Marsh, Parker, Morin, & Yeung (2015) | ≈13,000 | Middle Grades | Hong Kong | Yes | STEM | ≈50% | |||||||||||||
| Gray (2017) | 702 | High School | The United States | General | 4% | 4% | 2% | 9% Asian/Pacific Islander | 74% | 10% Multiracial or other | 45% | 31% Free and reduced lunch | 31% Free and reduced lunch |
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| Eccles & Wigfield (1995) - Sample 1 | 742 | High School and Middle Grades | The United States | STEM | 49% | ||||||||||||||
| Diekman, Clark, Johnston, Brown, & Steinberg (2011) - Study 1a | 318 | Two- or Four-Year College | The United States | STEM | 89% | 66% | |||||||||||||
| Diekman, Brown, Johnston, & Clark (2010) | 333 | Two- or Four-Year College | The United States | STEM | 87% | 58% | |||||||||||||
| Conley (2012) | 1,870 | Middle Grades | California | STEM | 17% | 2% | 69% | 2% | 53% | 56% Free and reduced lunch |
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| Chouinard, Karsenti, & Roy (2007) | 759 | High School and Middle Grades | Canada | STEM | 49% | ||||||||||||||
| Canning & Harackiewicz (2016) - Study 1 | 88 | Two- or Four-Year College | Midwest United States | STEM | 2% | 1% | 5% | 92% | 52% | ||||||||||
| Brown, Thoman, Smith, & Diekman (2015) - Study 1 | 594 | Two- or Four-Year College | Midwest United States | STEM | 86% | 63% | |||||||||||||
| Anderson & Ward (2014) | 1,757 | High School | The United States | Yes | STEM | 14% | 27% | 60% | 48% | ||||||||||
| Gaspard et al. (2015) | 1,916 | High School | Germany | General | 54% |
